THE TOOLS AND ITS COMPONENTS

This year, at the 55th session of the UNHRC, The UN Special Rapporteur Clément Voule presented Practical Tools aimed at supporting law enforcement  officials promote and protect human rights in protests. In their effort to address the repressive global environment we are currently facing against peaceful protesters, the UN Human Rights Council, through Resolution 50/21, mandated the UNSR to develop these tools in collaboration with UNODC and OHCHR.

The objective of the Tools, which were developed in extensive global consultations with law enforcement, civil society, and other experts and are based on international human rights laws, standards and good practices, is to enhance the capacity and practices of law enforcement agencies to fulfil their duty to promote and protect human rights in the context of peaceful protests..

With this objective in mind, the documents provide practical guidance to Law Enforcement on what types of actions they should take to ensure that from the preparation throughout the facilitation of the peaceful protests, including when using digital technologies, they act in a human-rights compliant way, while also ensuring accountability if any rights violations occur. 

The Tools are made up of a Model Protocol and three complimentary Components, which can all be consulted on this page. We strongly encourage  reading the Tools as a whole, and in line with one another. 

LE tools_Model Protocol

Model Protocol

The Protocol provides law enforcement with practical recommendations of what must be implemented, for a human-rights compliant approach to peaceful policing of protests.
LE Tools_Checklist

Component 1

The checklist provides practical things law enforcement should do, to ensure that the requirements of the protocol are fullfilled .

COMING SOON.
LE Tools_Digital Tech

Component 2

The digital technologies component provides practical guidance and foundational principles for human-rights compliant use of technologies by law enforcement to facilitate peaceful assemblies.
LE Tools_Handbook Outline

Component 3

The handbook helps law enforcement implement and operationalize the provisions of the model protocol.

COMING SOON.
LE tools_Model Protocol

The Model Protocol is also available in :

LE Tools_Checklist

Other languages COMING SOON

LE Tools_Digital Tech

Other languages COMING SOON

LE Tools_Handbook Outline

Other languages COMING SOON

Testimonies

Law enforcement officials, civil society and other experts share their views on the importance of the Tools. 

EXISTING STANDARDS & GUIDANCE

Consult the existing Standards & Guidance for the development of the Tools for Law Enforcement

BodyName + link to Document
Regional Guidances
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)OSCE/Venice Commission Guidance on Freedom of Peaceful Assembly, 2010 
African Commission on Human and People's Rights (ACHPR)ACHPR Guidelines for the Policing of Assemblies by Law Enforcement Officials in Africa, 2017 
African Commission on Human and People's Rights (ACHPR)ACHPR Guidelines on Freedom of Association and Assembly in Africa 
Inter-American Commission on Human RightsIACHR Guidelines on Freedom of Peaceful Assembly, 2018
United Nations Standards
United Nations - OHCHRUN Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials, 1979
United Nations United Nations Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials, 1990
United Nations - OHCHRUnited Nations Human Rights Guidance on Less-Lethal Weapons in Law Enforcement, 2020
United Nations - General Assembly Resolution 60/147Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law, 2006
Key guidance on implementing
OSCE-ODIHROSCE ODIHR Guidelines on Freedom of Peaceful Assembly, 2010
OSCE-ODIHROSCE ODIHR, ‘ Human Rights Handbook on Policing Assemblies’, 2016
OSCEOSCE Guide on Law Enforcement Equipment Most Commonly Used in the Policing of Assemblies, 2021
OSCEOSCE, 5th Report on Monitoring of Freedom of Peaceful Assembly in Selected OSCE Participating States, 2023
Reports and Statements of Special Rapporteurs
UNSR FoAA, Clément N VouleReport of the Special Rapporteur on FoAA, Clément Nyaletsossi Voule, Protection of human rights in the context of peaceful protests during crisis situations Report of the Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, 2022
UNSR FoAA, Clément N VouleReport of the Special Rapporteur on FoAA, Clément Nyaletsossi Voule, Advancing accountability and ending impunity for serious human rights violations related to the exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, 2023
UNSR FoAA, Maina Kiai and UNSR Extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary ExecutionsJoint Report of the Special Rapporteur on FoAA with the Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions on the Proper Management of Assemblies, 2016
UNSR FoAA, Maina KiaiToolkit reports on the Management of Assemblies by UNSR FoAA, Maina Kiai, 2016
Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression of IACHPROffice of the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Edison Lanza, Standards on the rights involved in social protest and the obligations to guide the response of the State, 2019
UNSR FoAA, Clément N Voule, SR FreedEx of IACHPR, SR HRDs of ACHPR and OSCE ODIHRJoint Declaration on Protecting the Right to Freedom of Peaceful Assembly in Times of Emergencies’ by the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Freedom of Assembly and of Association (Clément Voule), the Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (Pedro Vaca), the Special Rapporteur on Human Rights Defenders and focal point for reprisals in Africa and Chairman of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (Rémy Ngoy Lumbu)
UNSR FoAA, Maina KiaiReport of the Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, Maina Kiai, 2012
UNSR FoAA, Maina KiaiReport, Maina Kiai: Mission to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, A/HRC/23/39/ Add.1, 2013.
UNSR FoAA, Maina KiaiReport, Maina Kiai: A/HRC/26/29, 2014
Other United Nations resources
UNICEFUNICEF, Free and safe to protest, 2023
UNESCOUNESCO, Freedom of Expression and Public Order: Training Manual, 2015
OHCHROHCHR, Human Rights and Law Enforcement, A Manual on Human Rights Training for Law Enforcement Officials, 1997, chapter 9 (Human Rights and Policing of Public Assemblies and Protests)
OHCHROHCHR Report, Impact of New Technologies on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights in the Context of Assemblies, Including Peaceful Protests, 2020
United NationsUN Guidelines for the Effective Implementation of the Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials, 1989
UNODCUNODC/OHCHR Resource book on the use of force and firearms in law enforcement, 2017
UNODCUNODC Handbook on police accountability, oversight and integrity, 2011
Civil Society Organisations, Research Centres and others
International Committee of the Red CrossInternational Committee of the Red Cross, Violence and the Use of Force, 2015
Centre for Policing EquityCentre for Policing Equity, 27 Guiding Principles for Crowd Management 

SUBMISSIONS RECEIVED

Consult the submissions received from Civil Society and States for the development of the Tools for Law Enforcement

DateSubmitted bySubmission received
Civil Society Organisations
4/3/2023ITUCSubmission LE Tools_ITUC
4/19/2023Protection International MesoAmerica (Spanish version)Submission LE Tools_Protection International MesoAmerica
4/19/2023Protection International MesoAmerica (English version)Submission LE Tools_Protection International MesoAmerica_ENG
4/7/2023Joint submission: APCOF, The Auschwitz institute for the prevention of genocide and mass atrocities, ICNL, IHRDA, RNDDHJoint Submission_LE Tools_APCOF, Auschwitz Institude for prevention of genocide and mass attrocities, ICNL, IHRDA, RNDDH
N/AComisión de Derechos Humanos de la Ciudad de México (Spanish versión)Submission_LE Tools_CDHCM
N/AComisión de Derechos Humanos de la Ciudad de México (English versión)Submission_LE Tools_CDHCM_ENG
N/AJóvenes Promotores y defensores de los Derechos Humanos – JOPRODEH (Spanish versión)Submission LE Tools_JOPRODEH
N/AJóvenes Promotores y defensores de los Derechos Humanos – JOPRODEH (English versión)Submission_LE Tools_JOPRODEH_ENG
N/AFundamedios (Spanish versión)Submission_LE Tools_Fundamedios
N/AFundamedios (English versión)Submission_LE Tools_Fundamedios_ENG
9/30/2023İNSAN HAKLARI DERNEĞİ, Human Rights AssociationSubmission_LE Tools_Human Rights Association
9/30/2023Association of Reintegration of CrimeaSubmission_LE Tools_Association of Reintegration of Crimea
9/29/2023Centro de Estudios Legales y Sociales_CELS (Spanish version)Submission_LE Tools_CELS
9/29/2023Centro de Estudios Legales y Sociales_CELS (English version)Submission_LE Tools_CELS_ENG
9/27/2023OVD-InfoSubmission_LE Tools_OVDInfo
N/AFòs FeministaSubmission_LE Tools_Fos Feminista
N/APartners GlobalSubmission_LE Tools_Partners Global
9/22/2023ILGA ASiaSubmission_LE Tools_ILGA Asia
N/AINDH Argentina (Spanish versión)Submission_LE Tools_INDH Argentina_ESP
N/AINDH Argentina (English versión)Submission_LE Tools_INDH Argentina
N/AKontraSSubmission_LE Tools_KontraS
N/AMaat for Peace, development and human RightSubmission_LE Tools_Maat for Peace
N/AUnited Against Torture_UATCSubmission_Le Tools_United against Torture
N/AUniversity Queer Research and UniKuirSubmission_LE Tools_University Queer research and Unikuir
9/29/2023UNICEFSubmission_LE Tools_UNICEF
4/5/2023Privacy InternationalSubmission_LE Tools_Privacy International
States
3/14/2023Dominican Republic (Spanish version)Submission_LE Tools_Dominican Republic
3/14/2023Dominican Republic (English version)Submission_LE Tools_Dominican Republic_ENG
N/ARussian Federation (Russian version)Submission_LE Tools_Russian Federation
N/ARussian Federation (English version)Submission_LE Tools_Russian Federation_ENG
N/AMauritiusSubmission_LE Tools_Mauritius
N/ASpain (Spanish version)Submission_LE Tools_Spain
N/ASpain (English version)Submission_LE Tools_Spain_ENG
4/6/2023Mexico (Spanish version)Submission_LE Tools_Mexico
4/6/2023Mexico (English version)Submission_LE Tools_Mexico_ENG
9/8/2023Kuwait ( Arabic version)Submission_LE Tools_Kuwait
9/8/2023Kuwait (English version)Submission_LE Tools_Kuwait_ENG

 From Civil Society

DateSubmitted bySubmission received
4/3/2023ITUCSubmission LE Tools_ITUC
4/19/2023Protection International MesoAmerica (Spanish version)Submission LE Tools_Protection International MesoAmerica
4/19/2023Protection International MesoAmerica (English version)Submission LE Tools_Protection International MesoAmerica_ENG
4/7/2023Joint submission: APCOF, The Auschwitz institute for the prevention of genocide and mass atrocities, ICNL, IHRDA, RNDDHJoint Submission_LE Tools_APCOF, Auschwitz Institude for prevention of genocide and mass attrocities, ICNL, IHRDA, RNDDH
N/AComisión de Derechos Humanos de la Ciudad de México (Spanish versión)Submission_LE Tools_CDHCM
N/AComisión de Derechos Humanos de la Ciudad de México (English versión)Submission_LE Tools_CDHCM_ENG
N/AJóvenes Promotores y defensores de los Derechos Humanos – JOPRODEH (Spanish versión)Submission LE Tools_JOPRODEH
N/AJóvenes Promotores y defensores de los Derechos Humanos – JOPRODEH (English versión)Submission_LE Tools_JOPRODEH_ENG
N/AFundamedios (Spanish versión)Submission_LE Tools_Fundamedios
N/AFundamedios (English versión)Submission_LE Tools_Fundamedios_ENG
9/30/2023İNSAN HAKLARI DERNEĞİ, Human Rights AssociationSubmission_LE Tools_Human Rights Association
9/30/2023Association of Reintegration of CrimeaSubmission_LE Tools_Association of Reintegration of Crimea
9/29/2023Centro de Estudios Legales y Sociales_CELS (Spanish version)Submission_LE Tools_CELS
9/29/2023Centro de Estudios Legales y Sociales_CELS (English version)Submission_LE Tools_CELS_ENG
9/27/2023OVD-InfoSubmission_LE Tools_OVDInfo
N/AFòs FeministaSubmission_LE Tools_Fos Feminista
N/APartners GlobalSubmission_LE Tools_Partners Global
9/22/2023ILGA ASiaSubmission_LE Tools_ILGA Asia
N/AINDH Argentina (Spanish versión)Submission_LE Tools_INDH Argentina_ESP
N/AINDH Argentina (English versión)Submission_LE Tools_INDH Argentina
N/AKontraSSubmission_LE Tools_KontraS
N/AMaat for Peace, development and human RightSubmission_LE Tools_Maat for Peace
N/AUnited Against Torture_UATCSubmission_Le Tools_United against Torture
N/AUniversity Queer Research and UniKuirSubmission_LE Tools_University Queer research and Unikuir
9/29/2023UNICEFSubmission_LE Tools_UNICEF
4/5/2023Privacy InternationalSubmission_LE Tools_Privacy International

From States

DateSubmitted bySubmission received
3/14/2023Dominican Republic (Spanish version)Submission_LE Tools_Dominican Republic
3/14/2023Dominican Republic (English version)Submission_LE Tools_Dominican Republic_ENG
N/ARussian Federation (Russian version)Submission_LE Tools_Russian Federation
N/ARussian Federation (English version)Submission_LE Tools_Russian Federation_ENG
N/AMauritiusSubmission_LE Tools_Mauritius
N/ASpain (Spanish version)Submission_LE Tools_Spain
N/ASpain (English version)Submission_LE Tools_Spain_ENG
4/6/2023Mexico (Spanish version)Submission_LE Tools_Mexico
4/6/2023Mexico (English version)Submission_LE Tools_Mexico_ENG
9/8/2023Kuwait ( Arabic version)Submission_LE Tools_Kuwait
9/8/2023Kuwait (English version)Submission_LE Tools_Kuwait_ENG